I would propose a model of language development like that of the formation of the galaxy, an organic development from a primal field. In the indian context certain terms, westernization, sanskritization and modernization are used to explain the direction of social change. The various factors of social changes in india are technology, industrialization, urbanization, legislation, education, economic factors, planning, religion and. Westernization is a process whereby societies come under or adopt western culture in such matters as industry, technology, law, politics, lifestyle, diet, language, religion, philosophy, and or values.
It has left its mark every where on indian life, but especial. The result is the present note in which i have made a few additional observations on the twin processes of sanskritization and westernization. Sanskritisation, westernisation, modernisation free download as word doc. Srinivas t he concept of sanskritization was found useful by me in the analysis of the social and religious life of the coorgs of south india. Both of the terms are affecting india, especially, its youth.
Imapact of sanskritization and westernization on india. Although it has become common, especially in america, to conflate the three, f. Westernization has been a pervasive and accelerating influence across the world in the last few centuries. The process of westernization need not be regarded as an irony but is an important dimension of the total process of mobility and change in. Westernization deals with ideas, religion and culture.
Defining sanskritization srinivas writes, sanskritization is a process by which a lower caste or tribe or any other group changes its customs, rituals, ideology and way of life in the direction of a higher or more often twiceborn caste. Cse sociology paper i topic vi work and economic life. Understanding modernisation and westernization greater. Impact of modernization on indian society indian society is very old and surviving even after many ups and down and social issues. Is there difference between westernization and modernization. Sanskritization and westernization is a more dynamic one than even srinivas makes apparent in his writings. After indias independence, the caste studies were conducted by emphasizing on intensive fieldwork covering functional interdependence of castes, purity and pollution, nature and types of caste mobility, formsf dependence and dominance between castes, and intercaste frictions. To that extent, even the minute details of daily life have been affected by westernization with both positive and negative effects on pakistans culture. Modernization is a continuous and openended process. It follows the same usage of reas on in the modernity. A reappraisal of the relevance ofanthropological concepts to the social historian of modern india. Sanskritization and westernization economic and political weekly. Westernization is incorporation of the norms, values and culture of the west into our culture.
Higher castes gave up traditional customs and adopted the life style of the westerns. Sanskritization, notes, sociology, notes, ias, civil service. The overall process of westernization is often twosided in that western influences and interests themselves are joined with parts of. Lower castes aspiring for higher status filled the higher caste vacuum through sanskritization. It is in reference with hindu society according to which caste is. Difference between westernization and modernization. The influence of westernization on nutrition and physical. Feb 17, 2020 sanskritization, notes, sociology, notes, ias, civil service exam upsc notes edurev is made by best teachers of upsc. What is globalization,modernization and westernization. Westernization has been a pervasive and accelerating influence across the. Srinivas to describe the process of social and cultural mobility in the traditional social structure of india. Westernization has been a growing influence across the world in the last few centuries, with some thinkers assuming westernization to be the equivalent of modernization, a way of thought that is often debated. This discourse persists to this day but in a slightly different form, namely the discourse of modernization and westernization. Apropos of the heterogeneity of the concept of sanskritization, it may be remarked that it subsumes several mutually antagonistic values.
Sanskritization and westernization modernization has given rise to the concept of welfare state. Sep 29, 2019 still others critique modernization theory for failing to account for the unsustainable nature of the project, in an environmental sense, and point out that premodern, traditional, and indigenous cultures typically had much more environmentally conscious and symbiotic relationships between people and the planet. Journal of anthropological research formerly southwestern journal of anthropology volume 33 number 4. There is a difference between westernization and modernization. The progress in science and technology from the outside world created indonesia a market for western products. A note on sanskritization and westernization volume 15 issue 4 m. In short, sanskritization enables a caste to obtain a higher position in hierarchy.
Modernization then is a process of cultural and socioeconomic change whereby less developed countries ldcs acquire characteristics of western, industrialized societies. By this view, there was an original primordial cloud of language potentials in humanity, with different groups making expressions based upon various internal and external factors from the shape of their faces to. This article involves a brief about the indian society and impact of the social process of modernization and westernization on it. But, although most sacred texts in sanskrit were composed by brahmans, many were composed by lowerclass authors. It should be noted that this definition is used primarily by europeanderived cultures. The westernization is less and less a pro and con issue, but rather requires a deeper reflection through the historical consciousness. Social change in modern india orient black swan, 200 pages, rs. Since there are already many answers i will answer in short. Sanskritisation, modernisation and westernisation introduction.
Deepak lal f or the purposes of this essay, three types of liberty need to be distinguished. N srinivas introduced the term sanskritization to indian sociology. Sanskritization is not a new concept in sociological literature but m. Westernization and modernization are two ideologies that are under constant debate. Pdf sanskritisation, westernisation and modernisation manzoor. What should india strive for westernization or modernization. Apr 25, 2017 here is your essay on sanskritization. The great tradition of cultural modernization 93 i the growth of a universalistic legal system. Some major approaches and concepts in social change in india are. A note on sanskritization and westernization the journal.
While westernization was penetrated only the upper level affecting mainly leisure class fashions, modernization today diffuses among a. Historically, the span of time over which it has occurred must be measured in centuries, although there are examples of accelerated modernization. Srinivas, these influences of modernization might best be labeled as westernization. Later on he called it sanskritization in a broad sense. These two terms are are westernization and modernization. It is a process similar to passing in sociological terms. The sociological concept of sanskritization in india. Sanskritization in particular has generated a large literature and is the most prominent some would say the only. Another mixture appears in the confusion of westernization with the modernization rozman, 1981. This document is highly rated by upsc students and has been viewed 2101 times. Westernization has impact on every aspect of your life, be the way we dress, the way we talk or the way we dream of our life to be. Modernization entails a change in belief about the way the world operates whereas westernization entails mimickingimitating the way one should live.
Winter e 1977 sanskritization, westernization, and social mobility. Still others critique modernization theory for failing to account for the unsustainable nature of the project, in an environmental sense, and point out that premodern, traditional, and indigenous cultures typically had much more environmentally conscious and symbiotic relationships between people and the planet. Pdf sanskritisation, westernisation and modernisation. Interview, observation and focus group discussion methods. Understanding modernisation and westernization greater kashmir. Sanskrit and sanskritization the journal of asian studies. Desanskritization is the process of downwards social mobility found in india, where the people try to acquire the low profile social status by getting sanctioned with caste identities of the lower castes in the indian caste hierarchy. Sanskritization is a term that refers to a style of text that imitates the customs and manners of the brahmans. Srinivas, westernization refers to the changes brought about in the indian society and culture as a result of over 150 years. Modernization is essential based on a rationalist and positive spirit. Sanskritization, notes, sociology, notes, ias, civil. Srinivas a pioneer of indian sociology has used the concept of sanskritization. Since a long time, there has been continuous conflict between the two terms.
The west seemed to be fascinating and the adoption of popular culture from the west, especially. Sanskritization is the process by which a low hindu caste, or tribal or other group, changes its customs, ritual, and way of life in the direction of a high, and frequently twiceborn, caste. Thus, practising an occupation such as tanning, butchery puts. The third positionin samuel huntingtons famous article describing the impending clash of civilizations, huntington mentions a very important formula. All the changes, which have occurred in the castes, are intercaste changes and these have no way affected the fundamentals of caste system. India presents one of the oldest, continuous and uninterrupted living civilizations. Emerging social change in india through sanskritization at. The various factors of social changes in india are technology, industrialization, urbanization, legislation, education, economic factors, planning, religion and mass media. Now the question comes, what should india strive forwesternization or modernization. Sanskritization, westernization, and social mobility.
The term refers to a process whereby people of lower castes collectively try to adopt upper caste practices and beliefs to acquire higher status. The westernization is less and less a proandcon issue, but rather requires a deeper reflection through the historical consciousness. Up to a certain point in its course, it carries the institutions and values of society along with it, in what is generally regarded as a progressive, upward movement. Modernization of indian tradition by yogendra singh.
Modernization is limited to adoption of technology and industrialization. Modernization is a kind of social change in where a traditional society inclines to develop new patterns of conduct in response to new. Jun 12, 20 westernization or westernisation,meaning the western world is a process whereby societies come under or adopt western culture in areas such as industry, technology, law, politics, economics, lifestyle, diet, language, alphabet, religion, philosophy, and values. How have the processes of sanskritization, westernization and little and great traditions affected social.
All the religious institutions in india witness a scenario of sanskritization. While westernization was penetrated only the upper level affecting mainly leisure class fashions, modernization today diffuses among a wider population and touches public institutions as well as private aspirations with its disquieting positive spirit. Sanskritisation, westernisation, modernisation caste. Westernization, like sanskritization, is a blanket term. In either case, modernization is not a once and foralltime achievement. It measures young peoples identification with western and indian ways of living. Sanskritization is a process which allows the marginalized to raise their social and cultural status by imbibing the cultural modes of the members of the upper hindu castes and by practicing their modes of worship and rituals. Introduction to census, national sample survey, rch surveys, dlhs and srs. The difference between modernization and westernization can be better understood by the following example. The paper sketches the origins and development of one of the most widely influential of anthropological contributions to thinking about indian society, sanskritization, tracing its sources and its evolution in the thought of m. Westernization has been part of the modernization process, which in no sense can be regarded as harmful. Process of sanskritization in india ras mains paper 1 duration. Westernization improved communication and technology.
Effects of westernization on the culture of pakistan. There are some instances in modern times, some of the higher castes are imitating the behaviour pattern of lower caste, and for example brahmins h. When we talk about modernization, it is often considered to. Sanskritisation indian english or sanskritization american english, oxford spelling is a particular form of social change found in india.
Westernization has been a pervasive and accelerating influence across the world in the last few centuries, with some thinkers assuming westernization to be the equivalent of modernization, a way of thought that is often debated. According to conrad phillip, author of window on humanity, westerners will attempt to remake the 10 i. The process of desanskritisation is very much in fashion nowadays in contemporary india due to its advantages. Let us realize at the outlet that the caste system is one of the most elaborate attempts at hierarchizafion of society ever undertaken by matt. Westernization is a process whereby societies come under or adopt western culture in such matters as industry, technology, law, politics, lifestyle, diet, language, religion, philosophy, andor values. In this essay you will learn about sanskritization.
This formula describes the relationship to problems of socioeconomic and technological development experienced by some countries as a rule, those of the third world who, while understanding. Dec 23, 2012 westernization improved communication and technology. Problematizing received categoriesrevisiting folk hinduism. When we talk about modernization, it is often considered to be in hand with westernization. Once at a party, a lady entered the hall wearing trendy outfits. A reappraisal of the relevance of anthropological concepts to the social historian of modern india article dec 1977. It denotes the process by which caste or tribes placed lower in the caste hierarchy seek upward mobility by emulating the rituals and practices of the upper or dominant castes. Generally such changes are followed by a claim to a higher position in. Another major source of social change in indian civilization highlighted by srinivas is sanskritization. Initial resistance to modernization may be sharp and. Quite like sanskritisation the concept of westernisation is also employed for evaluating social change in rural india and elsewhere in the country. Sanskritization,social stratification,sociology guide. In the traditional society, the occupations practised by castes, their diet, and the customs they observe determine their status in the hierarchy. Sanskritization process is not only confined to the caste people of hindu society, it is also found among the tribal society.
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