Furthermore, the species most commonly reported from humans, c. These are curvularia lunata, curvularia pallescens and curvularia geniculata curvularia lunata. Curvularia is a hyphomycete associated with over 60 host genera manamgoda et al. A phylogenetic analysis of the genera bipolaris and curvularia has resulted in a realignment of several species. Curvularia is a rich genus in host range and geographic distribution compared to bipolaris. The teleomorphic state of the type species curvularia lunata is cochliobolus lunatus fam. Phaeohyphomycosis is the general term for infections caused by dematiaceous fungi. Curvularia is a hyphomycete found in plants and soil of tropical and temperate countries. Curvularia is a dematiaceous fungus that is ubiquitous among soil and vegetation in temperate areas and has only recently been revealed to cause human disease. Curvularia nodosa is known from three different hosts, namely from brachiaria reptans, chloris barbata and digitaria ciliaris. Cochliobolus lunatus is a fungal plant pathogen that can cause disease in humans and other animals.
Hence, curvularia lunata can be considered as a probable agent for the biological control of alisma plantagoaquatica, echinochloa spp. In vitro evaluation of fungicides and organics against. Curvularia lunata, aspergillus parasiticus and mucor spp. Curvularia is a fungal genus primarily native to tropical and subtropical regions, although some species live in temperate zones. Methods in an experimental in vitro study, clinical isolates of fusarium, aspergillus, candida and curvularia spp were maintained on sabouraud dextrose. Curvularia lunata is a causative agent of onychomycosis, dialysisassociated peritonitis, eumycotic mycetoma, mycotic keratitis and sinusitis, subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis, and systemic phaeohyphomycosis, including disseminated disease. Species members from the genus phoma are ubiquitous and often found as class 2 endophytes that occupy similar ecological niches as curvularia spp. Curvularia leaf spot is caused by several fungi in the genus curvularia.
At least eight species of this genus have been reported from opportunistic diseases in humans ranging from mild skin and. Curvularia species from discoloured grains from hyderabad. Curvularia has a downy or suedelike texture and may be a medium shade of brown to dark brown or nearly black in color. However, more than 10 species of this genus have been reported to cause opportunistic. Gladioluscurvularia leaf spot pacific northwest pest. Health concerns with curvularia is it a potential allergen. Secondary metabolites biosynthesized by pure cultures of three soilhabitat fungi. Over the last decades, endophytic fungi represent a new source of pharmacologically active secondary metabolites based on the underlying assumption that they live symbiotically within their plant host.
New species and records of bipolaris and curvularia from thailand. Most commonly found on low cut turf grasses like golf and bowling greens. Evaluation of curvularia lunata as an biological control agent in major weeds. This fungus carries a dsrna mycovirus curvularia thermal tolerance virus and. The anamorph of this fungus is known as curvularia lunata, while cochliobolus lunatus denotes the teleomorph or sexual state. Mold can be obvious like a leak behind a washing machine,water heater or under a sink or it can be hidden behind drywall or wallpaper. This case represents the third known reported infection caused by this rare species. A leaf spot symptom of rice is one of the common symptoms found in the rice field and caused reduction of rice yield. Bipolaris and curvularia asexual states are most commonly recorded as endophytes.
Curvulamine, a new antibacterial alkaloid incorporating. Invasive curvularia infection in pediatric patients with. Little is known about these pathogens and whether they are primary or secondary to leaf spot development. Dna sequence comparisons with a set of 87 isolates representing 33 curvularia spp. Dematiaceous hyphomycete producing sympodial, pale brown, cylindrical or slightly curved phragmoconidia, with one of the cent. Natural habitats plant saprobe and pathogen to cereal plants soil suitable substrates in the indoor environment paper wood products water activity unknown mode of dissemination wind.
The fungal genus curvularia includes numerous plant pathogens and some emerging opportunistic pathogens of humans. Curvularia is a dematiaceous fungus found ubiquitously in soil. Curvularia lunata appears as shiny velvetyblack, fluffy growth on the colony surface. However, to our knowledge, this is the first reported case series of invasive curvularia infection in children with lymphoid malignancy, and these cases emphasize the important role of directtissue or isolate sequencing for. The patient was presumed cured after a corneal transplant and treatment with itraconazole, but the infection. The objectives are to isolate and characterize curvularia and related species from leaf spot of rice by using morphological and molecular characterization and to determine the phylogenetic relationship between the isolated fungi. Curvularia protuberata is an endophyte of dichantelium lanuginosum marquez et al. In vitro evaluation of fungicides and organics against curvularia lunata and curvularia pallescens causing leaf blight in gladiolus d. Curvularia is a genus of fungi that mostly consists of plant pathogens, although several of its species can be harmful to humans as well. Learn how to control curvularia spp with these easy to use products.
Invasive curvularia infection in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients and in neonates has been described 1, 2. Evaluation of pathogenicity of bipolaris and curvularia spp. Type i asthma and hay fever a relatively common cause of allergic fungal sinusitis. Apr 11, 2020 curvularia is a fungal genus primarily native to tropical and subtropical regions, although some species live in temperate zones. Mycotic keratitis due to curvularia senegalensis and in vitro. Most curvularia are found in tropical regions, though a few are found in temperate zones curvularia defined by the type species c. Most species of curvularia are facultative pathogens of soil, plants, and cereals in tropical or subtropical areas, while the remaining few are found in temperate zones. Of these the endornavirus and the second set of chrysoviruslike dsrnas were also identified from both phoma spp. In this study, curvularia affinis was isolated from the leaves of phaseolus vulgaris l. Comparative mitochondrial genome analysis of the tobacco. Az phoenix nvlap lab code 2008110 ca huntington beach nvlap lab code 10840 ca inland empire nvlap lab code 6002390 ca pasadena nvlap lab code 2002320 ca san diego nvlap lab code 2008550 ca san leandro nvlap lab code 1010483 canada calgary, alberta nvlap lab code 500 canada montreal, quebec nvlap lab code.
Recent studies have shown that morphological identification does not correlate with molecular identification manamgoda et al. In the present study, a new endophytic fungus was isolated from rauwolfia macrophylla, a medicinal plant from cameroon. Reports of human disease caused by this organism are rare but include. The taxonomy of this complex is confusing as frequent nomenclatural changes and refinements have occurred. Methods in an experimental in vitro study, clinical isolates of fusarium, aspergillus, candida and curvularia spp were. As well as being a contaminant, curvularia may cause infections in both humans and animals 1219, 1295, 1806, 2144. Fungal colonies were grown on difco cornmeal agar difco labs, detroit, mi. First described as acrothecium lunata by wakker and went in 1898, curvularia was not documented as a human pathogen until 1959, when it was isolated from a mycetoma.
Curvularia species are commonly isolated from soil and living or dead parts of plants. Example of common leaf tip necrosis of cut leaves 24 to 48 h after inoculation with bipolaris spp. Curvularia can be easily distinguished from bipolaris and drechslera spp. To date, however, only five known reports of endophthalmitis caused by curvularia spp. Aim to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations mics of voriconazole and natamycin, alone and in combination, against the clinical isolates of fungus and to evaluate the synergy between the drugs in an experimental in vitro study. Gladiolus curvularia leaf spot cause curvularia gladioli formerly curvularia lunata, a fungus that has been reported from oregon on gladiolus the disease is favored by warm, wet conditions. Curvularia is a hyphomycete fungus which is a facultative pathogen, or beneficial partner of many plant species and common in soil. The fungus showed a highest homology to curvularia sp. Curvularia lunata poses an inhalation and a deep skin dermal inoculation health risk to persons with week immune system. A phylogenetic analysis of the genera bipolaris and curvularia has resulted. There is no clear morphological boundary between the asexual genera bipolaris and curvularia, and some species show. A phylogenetic and taxonomic reevaluation of the bipolaris. Household mold symptoms final thoughts if you are experiencing any of the symptoms of mold exposure listed above it would be wise to do a home mold inspection and look for signs of mold. Curvulamine is more selectively antibacterial than tinidazole and biosynthetically unique in the new extenders formed through a decarboxylative condensation between an oligoketide motif.
Curvularia lunata is a widespread contaminant of seed crops. In many countries, agricultural residues are generated in large quantities, and most of these are underutilized and considered waste, especially in developing countries. Curvularia lunata is a saprobic dematiaceous mould that resides primarily in soil ellis, 1966. The patient was presumed cured after a corneal transplant and treatment with itraconazole, but the infection recurred and the patient is. In vitro synergy of natamycin and voriconazole against. Pdf two new curvularia species from northern thailand.
Fungal peritonitis associated with curvularia geniculata and. Identification of curvularia lunata by polymerase chain. Find related pest control products, articles and questions on curvularia spp. Most kinds of mold grow and spread quickly, but according to the university of adelaide website, this particular strain of. Isolates originated from infected leaves of bermudagrass. Based on these morphological characters, the fungus was identified as curvularia spicifera bainier boedijn. Pawar department of plant pathology, college of agriculture, dr. These fungi have been increasingly recognized as causing cutaneous, ocular, respiratory, and central nervous system infections in humans, but have been infrequently documented as pathogens in the veterinary literature. Members of the genus curvularia are melaninproducing dematiaceous fungi of increasing clinical importance as causal agents of both local and invasive infections. Mycotic keratitis due to curvularia senegalensis and in. Exo and endoglucanase production by curvularia affinis using. In some cases, curvularia can also cause disease in humans or animals.
The majority of curvularia species exist as grass pathogens or as saprobes occurring on plant material, dung and soil. Susceptible turfgrass wintergrass, kentucky bluegrass, bentgrass, fescue, couch. It is associated with open globe injuries and is a common cause of secondary fungal keratitis after diagnostic aspiration. Curvularia species are important phytopathogens reported worldwide. Fungal isolation was done from diseased rice leaves showing leaf spot symptoms collected throughout peninsular malaysia. India among the various flowering plants that provides.
Although rare in humans, these infections are being reported at an increasing rate. There is no clear morphological boundary between the asexual genera bipolaris and curvularia, and some species. Stereoscopic images of various bermudagrass leaf symptomatology. In a previous study we used morphology and sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region its and the glyceraldehyde3phosphate dehydrogenase gpd gene to identify species within a set of 99 clinical curvularia isolates from the usa. The white croaker argyrosomus argentatus derived curvularia sp. Comparative survival of conidia of eight species of.
However, the role of these hosts in curvularia leaf spot development in the united states is still unknown. Ifbz10 produces curvulamine as a skeletally unprecedented alkaloid incorporating two undescribed extender units. Curvularia species, common inhabitants of dead plant material, are causative agents of fungal keratitis, sinusitis, onychomycosis, black grain mycetoma, subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis, peritonitis and systemic phaeohyphomycosis, with many infections occurring in apparently immunocompetent hosts. A case of mycotic keratitis due to curvularia senegalensis is reported. Cochliobolus lunatus is the most commonly reported species in clinical cases of reported. Bioactive secondary metabolites from new endophytic fungus. Since that time, curvularia has been reported as a cause of disease in the upper respiratory tract 3, 9, 15, lower respiratory. Natural habitats plant saprobe and pathogen to cereal plants soil suitable substrates in the indoor environment paper wood products water activity unknown mode of dissemination wind allergenic potential type i asthma and hay fever a relatively common cause of. Here, two parasitic fungi leptosphaerulina chartarum and curvularia trifolii were isolated and identified from normal tobacco tissue. Service pack for proliant hewlett packard enterprise.
Fatal cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to curvularia lunata. Rinaldi mg, phillips p, schwartz jg, winn re, holt gr, shagets fw, elrod j, nishioka g, aufdemorte tb. Clinical importance of the genus curvularia 159 india, karnataka october 1985september 1988 67 2 2. Oct 30, 20 fungal peritonitis associated with curvularia geniculata and pithomyces species in a patient with. Evaluation of curvularia lunata as an biological control. Morphological and molecular characterization of curvularia.
Additional putative viruses were also detected from phoma in the same study, including a putative partitivirus, two putative chrysoviruses, and two putative totiviruses. Three genera, cochliobolus, bipolaris and curvularia form a complex that contains many plant pathogens, mostly on grasses poaceae with a worldwide distribution. Some people may experience hay fever, asthma and or allergic fungal sinusitis. The term black mold also toxic black mold is not scientific but is widely used by the media to usually reference stachybotrys molds. In tobacco plants, symbiont endophytic fungi are widely distributed in all tissues where they play important roles. Curvularia definition of curvularia by medical dictionary. However, curvularia nodosa can be easily distinguished by the production of knotted hyphae in culture. The novel species described in this study is shown in bold. Cutaneous curvularia infection of the forearm mdedge. Most kinds of mold grow and spread quickly, but according to the university of adelaide website, this particular strain of mold grows especially fast. Curvularia diseases produce irregularly shaped patches of thinned turf, often coalescing to affect larger areas. These fungi are primarily of interest in their role as plant pathogens, as they can cause severe damage to a variety of crops.
Aug 25, 2012 three genera, cochliobolus, bipolaris and curvularia form a complex that contains many plant pathogens, mostly on grasses poaceae with a worldwide distribution. Curvularia is a species of mold that relate mostly to subtropical and tropical plant parasites however, three ubiquitous species have been recovered from human infections, principally from cases of mycotic keratitis. Individual leaves initially show yellow and green dappled patterns that extend downwards from the leaf tip. Curvularia leaf spot ppfsagc09 curvularia leaf spot has a broad host range, and other grass species can play a role in disease development in other countries. New species and records of bipolaris and curvularia from. It is therefore important to determine the species distribution and characteristics of endophytic fungi in tobacco. It forms a mutualistic relationship with dichanthelium lanuginosum panic grass and curvularia thermal tolerance virus that allows the grass to grow in soils that are far warmer than it normally tolerates. Culvaria species, infection, treatment and removal mold. I, ii and iii represent novel lineages in curvularia. This study contributes to the taxonomical and clinical knowledge of this genus by describing two new curvularia species based on isolates from corneal scrapings of south indian fungal keratitis patients. Evaluation of pathogenicity of bipolaris and curvularia. The genus curvularia contains about 80 species, which are mostly soil or plant pathogens.
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